Melasma is a skin condition characterized by dark patches that appear on the face. While further research is needed to determine the precise cause of melasma, several well-known triggers have been identified. Fortunately, melasma is typically asymptomatic, but the contrast between the hyperpigmented areas and the unaffected skin on such a visible part of the body is an understandable concern. Contact us today and schedule a treatment consultation.Â
Melasma is more common in women (typically between the ages of 20-40 years old) and in darker skin
tones. There may be a genetic component to melasma, although the exact gene is unknown.
Common triggers include:
• Sunlight/ UV light- However, there are some studies showing that even visible light can be a trigger
• High estrogen states- pregnancy (why melasma is sometimes called the “mask of pregancy), oral contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy
• Medications- anti-seizure medications, ones that increase sun sensitivity (some antibiotics and blood pressure medications)
• Thyroid disease
Melasma may persist for years or resolve immediately once the triggering factor has been removed.
Topical treatments include regimens featuring hydroquinone (a traditional “bleaching” cream that should not be used long-term since it can also darken your skin), dicarboxylic acids like azelaic acid and kojic acid, mild corticosteroids, and tretinoin.
Procedural treatments comprise microneedling, chemical peels, and lasers. Caution is advised when employing the latter two options because they can cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation if overdone and result in skin damage.
The main treatment strategy is avoiding identified triggers. This can involve minimizing sun exposure, applying mineral-based sunscreen (which protects against all types of light, including UV and visible light), and managing any medications or thyroid issues with assistance from a certified healthcare provider.
