Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is an inflammatory skin condition that affects many people. It appears as pinkish or reddish welts on the skin, with primary symptoms including inflammation, itchiness, and swelling. Swelling around the eyes or lips is also typical, and in severe cases, there is a danger of breathing issues due to swelling in the throat and airways. Most inflammatory conditions of this nature arise from elevated immune system activity. The trigger can be an allergic reaction or an internal imbalance that develops gradually.
The primary objective of treatment is to alleviate itching and prevent the recurrence of hives. Recording or writing down potential triggers can assist with identification. If specific culprits are found, they can be avoided moving forward.
Medical treatment for hives predominately involves oral antihistamines, which are usually available over-the-counter. These include non-sedative options like loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), and fexofenadine (Allegra), as well as the more sleep-inducing options such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Prescription alternatives include hydroxyzine (Atarax) and desloratadine (Clarinex).
Topical anti-itch creams and lotions can provide temporary relief and often contain ingredients like pramoxine, calamine, or menthol. A healthcare provider may also prescribe a topical steroid. To treat extensive and severe hives, oral steroids may be administered for a short duration.
Managing chronic urticaria can be complex, with varying levels of success. If topical treatments and antihistamines aren’t enough, immunosuppressant therapy might be considered to reduce the heightened immune response. This may necessitate a referral to an allergist.
If hives appear alongside symptoms such as swelling of the lips, mouth, or throat, difficulty swallowing or breathing, feelings of lightheadedness or faintness, or a racing heart, get emergency medical attention immediately.
